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Il Boot Loader

Il Boot Loader di Haiku può essere di aiuto nel caso si verifichino problemi con l'hardware in uso, oppure quando si hanno più installazioni di Haiku e si vuole scegliere quale avviare (ad esempio un'installazione su CD o penna USB).
È utile anche quando viene installato un componente che impedisce l'avvio del sistema operativo. Consulta questa guida alla sezione Risoluzione dei problemi per maggiori dettagli.

Per entrare nelle opzioni del Boot Loader di Haiku bisogna premere il tasto SHIFT prima dell'inizio del processo di avvio. Se è presente un gestore dell'avvio (boot manager), è possibile cominciare a premere il tasto SHIFT prima di selezionare la voce di Haiku. Altrimenti se Haiku è l'unico sistema operativo installato nella macchina, è sufficiente premere il tasto appena compaiono i messaggi di avvio del BIOS.

With some hardware, you'll have to make sure USB keyboards are enabled in the BIOS.
On computers that use UEFI for booting instead of the classic BIOS, you need to use the SPACEBAR instead of SHIFT.

Opzioni del Boot Loader

Una volta caricato, appariranno quattro menu:

Select boot volume/state		Per scegliere quale installazione/stato del sistema avviare (vedi Risoluzione dei problemi per ulteriori dettagli).
Select safe mode options		There are several options to try in case of hardware related trouble or if the system becomes unstable or unbootable because of a misbehaving add-on. When moving the selection bar to an option, a short explanation appears at the bottom of the screen.
		Safe mode Puts the system into safe mode. This can be enabled independently from the other options. Disable user add-ons Prevents all user installed add-ons from being loaded. Only the add-ons in the system directory will be used. See Troubleshooting below. Disable IDE DMA Disables IDE DMA, increasing IDE compatibility at the expense of performance. Ignore memory beyond 4 GiB Ignores all memory beyond the 4 GiB address limit, overriding the setting in the kernel settings file. Use fail-safe graphics driver The system will use VESA mode and won't try to use any video graphics drivers. Disable IO-APIC Disables using the IO APIC for interrupt routing, forcing the use of the legacy PIC instead. Disable local APIC Disables using the local APIC, also disables SMP. Disable X2APIC Disables second generation APIC. Disable SMEP and SMAP Disables SMEP/SMAP security features of the CPU. Disable SMP Disables all but one CPU core. Don't call the BIOS Stops the system from calling BIOS functions. Disable APM Disables Advanced Power Management hardware support, overriding the APM setting in the kernel settings file. Disable ACPI Disables Advanced Configuration and Power Interface hardware support, overriding the ACPI setting in the kernel settings file. Disable system components Allows to select system files that shall be ignored. Useful e.g. to disable drivers temporarily. See Troubleshooting below.
Select debug options		Here you'll find several options that help with debugging or getting details for a bug report. Again, a short explanation for each option is displayed at the bottom.
		Enable serial debug output Turns on forwarding the syslog output to the serial interface (default: 115200, 8N1). Enable on screen debug output Display debug output on screen while the system is booting, instead of the normal boot logo. Disable on screen paging Disables paging when on screen debug output is enabled. Enable debug syslog Enables a special in-memory syslog buffer for this session that the boot loader will be able to access after rebooting. Display current boot loader log Displays the debug info the boot loader has logged (press Q to exit the log) Add advanced debug option Allows advanced debugging options to be entered directly.
		If Enable debug syslog is activated, a warm reboot after a crash shows these additional options:
		Save syslog from previous session during boot Saves the syslog from the previous Haiku session to /var/log/previous_syslog when booting. Display syslog from previous session Displays the syslog from the previous Haiku session. Save syslog from previous session Saves the syslog from the previous Haiku session to disk. Currently only FAT32 volumes are supported.
Select screen resolution		Lets you force a certain screen resolution and color depth.

Troubleshooting

If Haiku refuses to boot on your hardware from the get-go, try out setting different options under Select safe mode options. Consider filing a bug report in any case.

On the other hand, if Haiku only suddenly acts up after you have installed some software, especially hardware drivers, you have several options to get Haiku bootable again so you can uninstall the offending package:

Activating Safe mode will prevent most servers, daemons and the UserBootscript from being started.
Activating Disable user add-ons will prevent using any add-ons (drivers, translators, etc.) you have installed in the user hierarchy under your Home folder.
If activating Use fail-safe graphics driver solves your troubles by falling back to VESA graphics, you can make the setting permanent by removing the # of the line #fail_safe_video_mode true in the text file /boot/home/config/settings/kernel/drivers/kernel.
If the offending driver, add-on etc. is installed in the system hierarchy, things get a bit more complicated, because that area is read-only. Here, the Disable system components comes into play. With it, you can navigate through the whole system hierarchy and disable the component that's messing things up for you by checking an entry with the SPACE or RETURN key. ESC returns you up one level to the parent directory.

Online, there's the guide Disabling components of packages showing how to make that setting stick.
Under Select boot volume/state you can specify what former "version" of Haiku to boot. Every time you un/install a package, the old state is saved and you can boot into it by choosing it from the list presented in the boot loader options.
So, if you encounter boot problems after installing some package, boot a Haiku state from before that time and uninstall the offending package. You can permanently revert to a specific Haiku revision as described in the topic SoftwareUpdater.

Booting Haiku

Dopo aver attivato una o più opzioni, è possibile tornare al menu principale e avviare normalmente il sistema che si presenterà con questa schermata di avvio:

Se tutto funziona perfettamente, le icone nella schermata si illumineranno una dopo l'altra.
Le icone corrispondono grossomodo alle diverse fasi di caricamento dell'OS e sono:

Atomo		Inizializza i moduli del kernel.
La lente di ingrandimento sul disco		Crea "rootfs" (/) e monta "devfs" (/dev).
Scheda elettronica		Inizializza il gestore delle periferiche.
Disco di avvio		Monta il disco di boot.
Il chip		Carica i moduli specifici della CPU.
La cartella		Finisce di inizializzare il sottosistema.
Il razzo		Launch_daemon has started the system.